En los Límites de la Experiencia Anómala: Examinando el “Viaje Astral” Como una Experiencia Transliminal
Palabras clave:
Experiencia fuera del cuerpo, transliminalidad, límites finos, experiencias anómalas, espiritualidadResumen
El así llamado “viaje astral”, o experiencia fuera del cuerpo (EFC), se define como una experiencia en la cual el “yo”, o el centro de conciencia, parece ocupar una posición remota respecto a su propio cuerpo. Un problema en la evaluación de ciertas anomalías perceptuales que se extrapolan del contexto de la psiquiatría clínica es su excesiva dependencia a ciertos fenómenos alucinatorios. La hipótesis de la transliminalidad sugiere que la fuente inmediata de nuestras percepciones se procesa primero a un nivel inconsciente, luego a través del umbral de la conciencia. El constructo de “límite” permite comprender ciertos factores que subyacen en la variedad de las experiencias excepcionales, como las experiencias fuera del cuerpo. Se ponen a prueba tres hipótesis específicas: Personas que tienen experiencias fuera del cuerpo (EFC) tienen una mayor frecuencia de experiencias cognitivas anómalas (2) son más transliminales, (3) y tienen límites más “finos” en comparación con un grupo control (sin EFC). Cien individuos con EFC (47 %) fueron comparados con otros 111 que no tuvieron EFC (53 %), con un rango etario entre 18 a 83 años (M = 44,92; DT = 13,29). Individuos con EFC puntuaron más alto en experiencias anómalas, límites más finos, y alta transliminalidad, lo cual confirman las hipótesis. Además, personas con límites más finos, también tendían a mostrar más espiritualidad, y mayor impacto emocional por su experiencia. Este estudio concluye que las experiencias fuera del cuerpo representan la sensibilidad de un individuo debido a los límites permeables del yo. Esta sensibilidad, relacionada con ciertas diferencias fisiológicas en el procesamiento perceptual, puede también representar una forma de transliminalidad.
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