Metabolic Correction and Depression: Effect of a Supplement Combination
Keywords:
depressive disorder, dietary supplement, Puerto RicoAbstract
Depression is a mood disorder that causes changes in physical activity, appetite, sleep, and weight. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of a combined supplement formula aimed to improve neurotransmitter metabolism in the treatment of this disorder. Five patients with depression were given combination dietary supplements with co-enzyme factored formula and were compared in pre- and post-treatment. Patients received daily supplementation consisting of a formulation of vitamins, minerals, herbs and fatty acids for six weeks. Severity of depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) at baseline and was repeated at the sixth weeks post treatment. ANOVA with repeated measure was used to compare and track the changes during the study. The mean score of BDI decreased significantly (from 30 to 15) when patients were given the combination supplement formula at the end of week 6 (p< 0.01) compared to the baseline measures. The results of the present study suggest that the combination dietary supplement formula improves depressive disorder with no negative side effects and might be effective in the treatment of patients with depression.
References
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Bell, K.M., Potkin, S.G., Carreon, D., & Plon, L. (1994). S-adenosylmethionine blood levels in major depression: Changes with drug treatment. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 154, 15-18.
Budhwani, H., Hearld, K., & Chavez-Yenter, D. (2015). Depression in racial and ethnic minorities: The impact of nativity and discrimination. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2(1), 34-42.
Dome, P., Tombor, L., Lazary, J., Gonda, X., & Rihmer, Z. (2019). Natural health products dietary minerals and over-the-counter medications as add-on therapies to antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder: A review. Brain Research Bulletin, 146, 51-78.
Ellis, F.R., & Sanders, T.A.B. (1977). Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in endogenous depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 40, 168-169.
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Fava, M., & Davidson, K.G. (1996). Definition of epidemiology of treatment-resistant depression. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 19, 373-379.
Freeman, M.P., Hibbeln, J.R., Wisner, K.L., Davis, J.M., Mischoulon, D., Peet, M., Keck, P.E., Marangell, L.B., Richardson, A.J., Lake, J., & Stoll, A.L. (2006). Omega-3 fatty acids: Evidence basis for treatment and future research in psychiatry. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(12), 1954-1967.
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Gougeon, L., Payette, H., & Morais, J.A. (2016). Intakes of folate, vitamin B6 y B12 and risk of depression in community-dwelling older adults: The Quebec longitudinal study on nutrition and aging. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70, 380-385.
Harrer, G., & Sommer, H. (1994). Treatment of mild/moderate depression with hypericum. Phytomedicine, 1, 3-8.
Huang, X., Fan, Y., & Han, X. (2018). Association between serum vitamin levels and depression in US adults 20 years or older based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15.
Kahan, R., & Westernberg, H. (1985). L-5 hydroxytryptophan in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 8, 197-200.
Kapalka, G.M. (2010). Depression: Phenylalanine and phenylethylamine. Nutritional and Herbal Therapies for Children and Adolescents, 141-187.
Khoo, A. L., Zhou, H. J., Teng, M., Lin, L., Zhao, Y. J., Soh, L. B., Mok, Y. M., Lim, B. P., & Gwee, K. P. (2015). Network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis of new generation antidepressants. CNS Drugs, 29(8), 695–712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-015-0267-6
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Kravitz, H.M., Sabelli, H.C., & Fawcett, J. (1984). Dietary supplements of phenylalanine and other amino acid precursors of brain neuroamines in the treatment of depressive disorders. Journal of American Osteopathic Association, 84, 119-123.
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Mayo Clinic. (2018). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Retrieved by https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/art-20044825
Mensah, G.A., & Collins, P.Y. (2015). Understanding mental health for the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. Global Heart, 10, 221-224.
Nasri, H., Baradaran, A., Shirzad, H., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2014). New concepts in nutraceuticals as alternative for pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5(12), 1487-1499.
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Pereira, V.S., & Hiroaki-Sato, V.A. (2018). A brief history of antidepressant drug development: From tricyclics to beyond ketamine. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 30, 307-322.
Persson, T., & Roos, B.E. (1967). 5-hydroxytryptophan for depression. The Lancet, 2, 987-988.
Petridou, E.T., Kousoulis, A.A., Michelakos, T., Papathoma, P., Dessypris, D., Papadopoulos, F.C., & Stefanadis, C. (2016). Folate and B12 serum levels in association with depression in the aged: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging and Mental Health, 20(9), 965-973.
Rodriguez, J., Davila, M & Collazo, L. (2006). Factor Structure of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) with Puerto Rican Elderly. Puerto Rico Health Science Journal 25(2) 127-131.
Saad Al-Harbi, K. (2012). Treatment-resistant depression: Therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions. Patient Prefer Adherence, 6, 369-388.
Sano, I. (1972). L-5 hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) therapy. Folia Psychiatrica Et Neurologica Japonica, 26, 7-17.
Solati, K., Asadi-Samani, M., & Heidari-Soureshjani, S. (2017). Medicinal plants effective on serotonin levels: A systematic review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 19(4), 1-12.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA]. (2014). 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental Health Findings. Author.
Targum, S.D., & Mischoulon, D. (2009). The status of nutraceuticals for the treatment of depression. Psychiatry, 6(9), 46-48.
Van Praag, H., & Kahn, R. (1998). L-5 hydroxytryptophan in depression and anxiety. Schwein Rundschau Medicine, 77, 40-46.
Van Praag, H., & Korf, J. (1970). L-tryptophan in depression. The Lancet, 2, 612.
Wang, J., Wu, X., Lai, W., Long, E., Zhang, X., Li, W., Zhu, Y., Chen, C., Zhong, X., Liu, Z., Wang, D., & Lin, H. (2017). Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms among outpatients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Medical Journal Open, 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017173
Wang, Y., Li, C, & Huang, L. (2014). Rapid identification of traditional Chinese herbal medicine by direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 845, 70-76.
Yaryura-Tobias, J., & Bhagavan, H. (1977). L-hydroxytryptophan in obsessive compulsive disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 298-299.
Asberg, M., Thoren, P., Traskman, L., Bertilsson, L., & Rinberger, V. (1976). Serotonin depression: A biochemical subgroup within the affective disorders. Science, 191, 478-480.
Bell, I.R, Edman, J.S., Morrow, F.D., Marby, D.W., Mirages, S., Perrone, G., Kayne, H.L., & Cole, J.O. (1991). B complex vitamin patterns in geriatric and young adult in patients with major depression. Journal of American Geriatrics Society, 39, 252-257.
Bell, K.M., Potkin, S.G., Carreon, D., & Plon, L. (1994). S-adenosylmethionine blood levels in major depression: Changes with drug treatment. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 154, 15-18.
Budhwani, H., Hearld, K., & Chavez-Yenter, D. (2015). Depression in racial and ethnic minorities: The impact of nativity and discrimination. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2(1), 34-42.
Dome, P., Tombor, L., Lazary, J., Gonda, X., & Rihmer, Z. (2019). Natural health products dietary minerals and over-the-counter medications as add-on therapies to antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder: A review. Brain Research Bulletin, 146, 51-78.
Ellis, F.R., & Sanders, T.A.B. (1977). Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in endogenous depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 40, 168-169.
Fava, M., Borus, J.S., Alpert, J.E., Nierenberg, A.A., Rosenbaum, J.F., & Bottiglieri, T. (1997). Folate, vitamin B12, and homocysteine in major depressive disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 426-428.
Fava, M., & Davidson, K.G. (1996). Definition of epidemiology of treatment-resistant depression. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 19, 373-379.
Freeman, M.P., Hibbeln, J.R., Wisner, K.L., Davis, J.M., Mischoulon, D., Peet, M., Keck, P.E., Marangell, L.B., Richardson, A.J., Lake, J., & Stoll, A.L. (2006). Omega-3 fatty acids: Evidence basis for treatment and future research in psychiatry. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(12), 1954-1967.
Gonzalez, M.J. & Miranda- Massari, J., M. (2016), Metabolic Correction: A Functional Biochemical Therapeutic Approach TOWNSEND LETTER – JULY :42-47.
Gougeon, L., Payette, H., & Morais, J.A. (2016). Intakes of folate, vitamin B6 y B12 and risk of depression in community-dwelling older adults: The Quebec longitudinal study on nutrition and aging. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70, 380-385.
Harrer, G., & Sommer, H. (1994). Treatment of mild/moderate depression with hypericum. Phytomedicine, 1, 3-8.
Huang, X., Fan, Y., & Han, X. (2018). Association between serum vitamin levels and depression in US adults 20 years or older based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15.
Kahan, R., & Westernberg, H. (1985). L-5 hydroxytryptophan in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 8, 197-200.
Kapalka, G.M. (2010). Depression: Phenylalanine and phenylethylamine. Nutritional and Herbal Therapies for Children and Adolescents, 141-187.
Khoo, A. L., Zhou, H. J., Teng, M., Lin, L., Zhao, Y. J., Soh, L. B., Mok, Y. M., Lim, B. P., & Gwee, K. P. (2015). Network meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis of new generation antidepressants. CNS Drugs, 29(8), 695–712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-015-0267-6
Kleijen, J., & Knipschild, P. (1992). Ginkgo biloba. The Lancet, 340, 136-139.
Kleinman, A. (2004). Culture and depression. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351(10), 951-953.
Kravitz, H.M., Sabelli, H.C., & Fawcett, J. (1984). Dietary supplements of phenylalanine and other amino acid precursors of brain neuroamines in the treatment of depressive disorders. Journal of American Osteopathic Association, 84, 119-123.
Lovieno, N., Dalton, E.D., Fava, M., & Mischoulon, D. (2011). Second-tier natural antidepressants: A review and critique. Journal of Affective Disorders, 130(3), 343-357.
Magalhaes, P., Alves, G., Fortuna, A., Llerena, A., & Falcao, A. (2019). Real-world clinical characterization of subjects with depression treated with antidepressant drugs focused on (non-) genetic factors, pharmacokinetics, and clinical outcomes: GnG-PK/PD-AD study. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000294
Magalhaes, P., Alves, G., Llerena, A., & Falcao, A. (2014). Venlafaxine pharmacokinetics focused on drug metabolism and potential biomarkers. Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions, 29, 129-141.
Martinez, M., & Gonzalez, A. (2017). Nutrional supplements in depressive disorders. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 45, 8-15.
Mayo Clinic. (2018). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Retrieved by https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/in-depth/ssris/art-20044825
Mensah, G.A., & Collins, P.Y. (2015). Understanding mental health for the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. Global Heart, 10, 221-224.
Nasri, H., Baradaran, A., Shirzad, H., & Rafieian-Kopaei, M. (2014). New concepts in nutraceuticals as alternative for pharmaceuticals. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5(12), 1487-1499.
National Institutes of Health. (2019). Folate. Retrieved from https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/folate-Health%20Professional/
Otte, C., Gold, S.M., Penninx, B.W., Pariante, C.M., Etkin, A., Fava, M., Shatzberg, A.F. (2016). Major depressive disorder. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.65
Pereira, V.S., & Hiroaki-Sato, V.A. (2018). A brief history of antidepressant drug development: From tricyclics to beyond ketamine. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 30, 307-322.
Persson, T., & Roos, B.E. (1967). 5-hydroxytryptophan for depression. The Lancet, 2, 987-988.
Petridou, E.T., Kousoulis, A.A., Michelakos, T., Papathoma, P., Dessypris, D., Papadopoulos, F.C., & Stefanadis, C. (2016). Folate and B12 serum levels in association with depression in the aged: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging and Mental Health, 20(9), 965-973.
Rodriguez, J., Davila, M & Collazo, L. (2006). Factor Structure of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) with Puerto Rican Elderly. Puerto Rico Health Science Journal 25(2) 127-131.
Saad Al-Harbi, K. (2012). Treatment-resistant depression: Therapeutic trends, challenges, and future directions. Patient Prefer Adherence, 6, 369-388.
Sano, I. (1972). L-5 hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) therapy. Folia Psychiatrica Et Neurologica Japonica, 26, 7-17.
Solati, K., Asadi-Samani, M., & Heidari-Soureshjani, S. (2017). Medicinal plants effective on serotonin levels: A systematic review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 19(4), 1-12.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA]. (2014). 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Mental Health Findings. Author.
Targum, S.D., & Mischoulon, D. (2009). The status of nutraceuticals for the treatment of depression. Psychiatry, 6(9), 46-48.
Van Praag, H., & Kahn, R. (1998). L-5 hydroxytryptophan in depression and anxiety. Schwein Rundschau Medicine, 77, 40-46.
Van Praag, H., & Korf, J. (1970). L-tryptophan in depression. The Lancet, 2, 612.
Wang, J., Wu, X., Lai, W., Long, E., Zhang, X., Li, W., Zhu, Y., Chen, C., Zhong, X., Liu, Z., Wang, D., & Lin, H. (2017). Prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms among outpatients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Medical Journal Open, 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017173
Wang, Y., Li, C, & Huang, L. (2014). Rapid identification of traditional Chinese herbal medicine by direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 845, 70-76.
Yaryura-Tobias, J., & Bhagavan, H. (1977). L-hydroxytryptophan in obsessive compulsive disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 298-299.
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